• Covers the spectrum of spinal conditions and interventions from the molecular basis to advanced surgical interventions

• Reviews novel pharmacologic and biologic neuroprotective and neuroregenerative strategies for spinal cord injuries

• Considers variety of surgical options that exist for the minority of patients that fail non-operative interventions

• Explores total disc replacement for both cervical and lumbar spines in order to maintain intervertebral motion and decrease the incidence of adjacent pathology

• Discusses most frequently used outcome measures to evaluate spinal surgery and reviews newer tools to predict outcomes and collect data.