Syllabus Protection and Switchgear - (EE3601) UNIT I PROTECTION SCHEMES Significance and need for protective schemes - nature and causes of faults - types of faults Effects of faults - Zones of protection and essential qualities of protection - Types of Protection schemes - Power system Grounding and Methods of Grounding. (Chapter - 1) UNIT II BASICS OF RELAYS Operating principles of relays - Universal torque equation - R-X diagram - Electromagnetic Relays - Over current, Directional and non-directional, Distance, Differential, Negative sequence and Under frequency relays. (Chapter - 2) UNIT III OVERVIEW OF EQUIPMENT PROTECTION Current transformers and Potential transformers and their applications in protection schemes - Protection of transformer, generator, motor, bus bars and transmission line. (Chapters - 3, 4, 5) UNIT IV STATIC RELAYS AND NUMERICAL PROTECTION Static relays - Phase, Amplitude Comparators - Synthesis of various relays using Static comparators - Block diagram of Numerical relays - Over current protection, transformer differential protection, and distantce protection of transmission lines. (Chapter - 6) UNIT V CIRCUIT BREAKERS Physics of arcing phenomenon and arc interruption - DC and AC circuit breaking - re-striking voltage and recovery voltage - rate of rise of recovery voltage - current chopping - interruption of capacitive current - resistance switching - Types of circuit breakers - air blast, oil, SF6 and vacuum circuit breakers - comparison of different circuit breakers - HVDC Breaker. (Chapters - 7, 8)