Unit 1 : Advanced Vapour Compression Cycles Review of vapour compression cycle, Trans-critical cycle and their types retical treatment) Ejector refrigeration cycle and their types. Presentation of cycle on p-h and T-S chart. (Chapter 1) Unit 2 : Thermal Design of Refrigeration System Components Compressor : Characteristic curves of reciprocating & Centrifugal compressors, sizing of reciprocating compressor Evaporator : Standards and Codes, Performance analysis of Dx evaporator, Condenser: Standards and Codes, air-cooled condenser, shell & tube condenser and evaporative condenser. Expansion Devices : Standards and Codes, Operating Characteristics, Liquid Charge in the Sensing Bulb , Hunting of Thermostatic Expansion Valve Cooling Tower: Types and design of cooling towers, cooling tower thermal performance, tower efficiency. (Chapter 2) Unit 3 : Practical Aspects of Vapour Compression System Refrigerant Piping : Copper Tubing, Piping Design for Reciprocating Refrigeration Systems, Size of Copper Tube, Refrigeration Load, and Pressure Drop, Sizing Procedure, Suction Line, Discharge Line (Hot-Gas Line), Liquid Line Capacity Controls : Capacity Controls of reciprocating, centrifugal and scroll compressors Safety Controls: Low-Pressure and High-Pressure Controls. Low-Temperature Control, Frost Control, Oil Pressure Failure Control. Motor Overload Control. Vapour compression system balance: Performance characteristics of the condensing unit and compressor-capillary tube. (Chapter 3) Unit 4 : Ventilation and Infiltration Indoor Design Criteria and Thermal Comfort : Basic parameters, factors affecting thermal comforts, Comfort-Discomfort Diagrams, Indoor Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Air Velocity Indoor Air Quality : Indoor Air Contaminants, Basic Strategies to Improve Indoor Air Quality, Outdoor Design Conditions : Outdoor Air Requirements for Occupants, The Use of Outdoor Weather Data in Design, Outdoor Weather Characteristics and Their Influence Ventilation for cooling : Natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation Space air distribution: Design of air distribution systems, Types of air distribution devices: Airflow patterns inside conditioned space: Stratified mixing flow: Cold air distribution: Displacement flow: Spot cooling / heating: Selection of supply air outlets. (Chapter 4) Unit 5 : Heat Load Estimation in Building Structures Solar radiation, Heat gain through fenestrations, Space load characteristics, cooling load and coil load calculations, Overall heat transmission coefficient, air spaces, sol-air temperature, Decrement factor and time lag method,, Cooling load Temperature Difference method (CLTD) or Equivalent Temperature Differential (ETD), detailed calculation procedure using CLTD method, Total heat balance. Energy-efficient and cost-effective measures for building envelope, Concept of ECBC. (Chapter 5) Unit 6 : Advanced Air-conditioning Systems Desiccant-Based Air Conditioning Systems : Introduction, Sorbents & Desiccants, Dehumidification, Liquid Spray Tower, Solid Packed Tower, Rotary Desiccant Dehumidifiers, Hybrid Cycles, Solid Desiccant Air-Conditioning (Theoretical treatment) Evaporative-Cooling Air Conditioning Systems, Thermal Storage Air Conditioning Systems, Clean-Room Air Conditioning Systems, Radiant cooling. (Theoretical treatment) Heat Pump Systems: Heat Pump Cycle, different heats pump Circuits. (Chapter 6)