Unit I : Applications of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning and Refrigerants Applications Domestic Refrigerator, Domestic Air Conditioners, Automotive Air Conditioners, Evaporative coolers, water coolers, Commercial Refrigeration - Dairy, Cold storage, Ice plant, Commercial Air Conditioning-Multiplex, Hospitals. (Chapter - 1) Refrigerants Classification of refrigerants, Designation of refrigerants, Desirable properties of refrigerants, environmental issues, Ozone depletion and global warming, ODP, GWP & LCCP, selection of environment friendly refrigerants, secondary refrigerants, anti-freeze solutions, Zeotropes and Azeotropes, refrigerant : recovery reclaims, recycle and recharge. (Chapter - 2) Unit II : Vapour Refrigeration Systems Vapour compression systems Working of simple vapour compression system, representation of vapour compression cycle (VCC) on T-s and P-h diagram, COP, EER, SEER, IPLV, NPLV, effect of operating parameters on performance of VCC, actual VCC, methods of improving COP using flash chamber, sub-cooling, liquid vapour heat exchanger, comparison of VCC with Reverse Carnot cycle. (Chapter - 3) Vapour absorption systems Introduction, Working of simple vapour absorption system (VAS), desirable properties of binary mixture (aqua-ammonia), performance evaluation of simple VAS (simple numerical treatment), actual VAS, Li-Br absorption system, three fluid system (Electrolux refrigeration), applications of VAS, comparison between VCC and VAC. (Chapter - 4) Unit III : Multiple Pressure Refrigeration Systems Introduction, need of multistage system, Intermediate pressure, two stage compression with flash gas removal and liquid intercooler, single compressor with multiple evaporator : individual and multiple expansion valves, individual compressors, cascade system : application and numerical(numerical only by using p-h chart). Introduction to cryogenics (Linde - Hampson cycle) and applications (no numerical treatment). (Chapter - 5) Unit IV : Psychrometry and Air Conditioning Load Estimation Psychrometry Basic Psychrometry and processes, BPF of coil, ADP, adiabatic mixing of two air streams, SHF, RSHF, GSHF, ESHF. Factors contributing to cooling load, Numerical based on load analysis. (Chapter - 6) Human Comfort Thermodynamics of human body, comfort and comfort chart, factors affecting human comfort, concept of infiltration and ventilation, indoor air quality requirements. (Chapter - 7) Unit V : Air Conditioning Systems Air Conditioning Systems Working of summer, winter and all year round AC systems, all air system, all water system, air water system, variable refrigerant flow and variable air volume systems, unitary and central air conditioning. (Chapter - 8) Components of refrigeration and air conditioning systems Working of reciprocating, screw and scroll compressors, working of air cooled, water cooled and evaporative condensers, working of DX, Flooded, Forced feed evaporators, Expansion devices - Capillary tube, TXV, EXV, operating and safety controls. (Chapter - 9) Unit VI : Air Distribution Systems Part A] Ducts Classification of ducts, duct material, pressure in ducts, flow through duct, pressure losses in duct (friction losses, dynamic losses), air flow through simple duct system, equivalent diameter, Methods of duct system design : equal friction, velocity reduction, static regain method (numerical on duct system design). Part B] Air handling unit Air handling unit, Fan coil unit, types of fans used air conditioning applications, fan laws, filters, supply and return grills, sensors (humidity, temperature, smoke). (Chapter - 10)