UNIT - I Fundamentals of GIS Introduction to GIS - Basic spatial concepts - Coordinate Systems - GIS and Information Systems - Definitions - History of GIS - Components of a GIS - Hardware, Software, Data, People, Methods - Proprietary and open source Software - Types of data - Spatial, Attribute data- types of attributes - scales / levels of measurements. (Chapter - 1) UNIT - II Spatial Data Models Database Structures - Relational, Object Oriented - ER diagram - spatial data models - Raster Data Structures - Raster Data Compression - Vector Data Structures - Raster vs Vector Models - TIN and GRID data models - OGC standards - Data Quality. (Chapter - 2) UNIT - III Data Input and Topology Scanner - Raster Data Input - Raster Data File Formats - Vector Data Input -Digitiser - Topology - Adjacency, connectivity and containment - Topological Consistency rules - Attribute Data linking - ODBC - GPS - Concept GPS based mapping. (Chapter - 3) UNIT - IV Data Analysis Vector Data Analysis tools - Data Analysis tools - Network Analysis - Digital Education models - 3D data collection and utilisation. (Chapter - 4) UNIT - V Applications GIS Applicant - Natural Resource Management - Engineering - Navigation - Vehicle tracking and fleet management - Marketing and Business applications - Case studies. (Chapter - 5)