UNIT - I Torsion of Circular Shafts : Theory of pure torsion - Derivation of Torsion equation - Assumptions made in the theory of pure torsion - Polar section modulus - Power transmitted by shafts - Combined bending and torsion - Design of shafts according to theories of failure. Springs : Introduction - Types of springs - deflection of close and open coiled helical springs under axial pull and axial couple - springs in series and parallel. (Chapter - 1) UNIT - II Columns and Struts : Introduction - Types of columns - Short, medium and long columns - Axially loaded compression members - Crushing load - Euler’s theorem for long columns - assumptions - derivation of Euler’s critical load formulae for various end conditions - Equivalent length of a column - slenderness ratio - Euler’s critical stress - Limitations of Euler’s theory - Long columns subjected to eccentric loading - Secant formula - Empirical formulae - Rankine - Gordon formula - Straight line formula - Prof. Perry’s formula. Beam Columns : Laterally loaded struts - subjected to uniformly distributed and concentrated loads. (Chapter - 2) UNIT - III Direct and Bending Stresses : Stresses under the combined action of direct loading and bending moment, core of a section - determination of stresses in the case of retaining walls, chimneys and dams - conditions for stability - Overturning and sliding - stresses due to direct loading and bending moment about both axis. (Chapter - 3) UNIT - IV Thin Cylinders : Thin seamless cylindrical shells - Derivation of formula for longitudinal and circumferential stresses - hoop, longitudinal and Volumetric strains - changes in dia, and volume of thin cylinders - Thin spherical shells. Thick Cylinder : Introduction - Lame’s theory for thick cylinders - Derivation of Lame’s formulae - distribution of hoop and radial stresses across thickness - design of thick cylinders - compound cylinders (Chapter - 4) UNIT - V Unsymmetrical Bending