Bamboo, the golden grass, has a range of various applications and has the potential to replace wood products. Apart from structural use, bamboo is widely used in producing ethanol, charcoal, vinegar, industrial products like pallets and gratings, flooring, rupfing, food, fodder and extraction of cotton. These and various other applications of bamboo are bound to create immense job opportunities and provide a vital impetus to the economy which is one of the foremost needs of the world today. A TREATISE ON BAMBOO is a modest attempt at articulating its diverse uses for posterity and beyond.